Internet Layer
The Internet layer includes the following protocols:
_ Internet protocol (IP)
_ Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
_ Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
_ Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
At the internet layer, TCP/IP uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for logical addressing and path determination. The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) provides messaging that can help troubleshoot a network. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides the service to match a known IP address for a destination address to a MAC or physical address. The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol(RARP) provides the reverse service of ARP; that is, it translates known MAC addresses to IP addresses.
Internet Protocol
The IP concerns itself with routing functions — getting packets from network A to network B. IP is used by all other protocols except the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) to transfer packets from host to host over an internetwork.In the IP packet header, there are fields that communicate things such as logical addressing, path determination, and limited quality-of-service features. The IP header contains several fields that are of interest to anybody concerned with security, audit, and control..
Transport Layer
There are two protocols at the transport layer: Transmission Control Program (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP is a connection-oriented transport while UDP is a connectionless transport.
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP is the connection-oriented transport layer protocol for the TCP/IP suite. Many TCP/IP applications use TCP for transport, including FTP,HTTP, SMTP, and Telnet. TCP as a transport is commonly used by an application when reliability is necessary at the transport layer.
User Datagram Protocol
UDP,is sometimes called the Unreliable Data Protocol. It is a connectionless protocol and delivery is on a best-effort basis. It is a very simple transport protocol with a minimal amount of overhead. There is no sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control, or windowing, so there is no guarantee that the packets will arrive. The receiving host validates the UDP header checksum, and where there is a difference, the device drops the packet without reporting the error back to the sending host. Applications using UDP may implement reliability features within the application itself where required.
The Internet layer includes the following protocols:
_ Internet protocol (IP)
_ Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
_ Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
_ Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
At the internet layer, TCP/IP uses the Internet Protocol (IP) for logical addressing and path determination. The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) provides messaging that can help troubleshoot a network. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) provides the service to match a known IP address for a destination address to a MAC or physical address. The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol(RARP) provides the reverse service of ARP; that is, it translates known MAC addresses to IP addresses.
Internet Protocol
The IP concerns itself with routing functions — getting packets from network A to network B. IP is used by all other protocols except the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and the Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) to transfer packets from host to host over an internetwork.In the IP packet header, there are fields that communicate things such as logical addressing, path determination, and limited quality-of-service features. The IP header contains several fields that are of interest to anybody concerned with security, audit, and control..
Transport Layer
There are two protocols at the transport layer: Transmission Control Program (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). TCP is a connection-oriented transport while UDP is a connectionless transport.
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP is the connection-oriented transport layer protocol for the TCP/IP suite. Many TCP/IP applications use TCP for transport, including FTP,HTTP, SMTP, and Telnet. TCP as a transport is commonly used by an application when reliability is necessary at the transport layer.
User Datagram Protocol
UDP,is sometimes called the Unreliable Data Protocol. It is a connectionless protocol and delivery is on a best-effort basis. It is a very simple transport protocol with a minimal amount of overhead. There is no sequencing, acknowledgments, flow control, or windowing, so there is no guarantee that the packets will arrive. The receiving host validates the UDP header checksum, and where there is a difference, the device drops the packet without reporting the error back to the sending host. Applications using UDP may implement reliability features within the application itself where required.